Research Paper

Seven New Species of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) with emphasis on their habitats in Iran

Ahmad Reza Mehrabian, Valiolah Mozaffarian

Published on: 01 November 2018

Page: 366 - 388

DOI: 10.6165/tai.2018.63.366

Abstract

In this paper, seven new species of Onosma are described and illustrated. Besides, a diagnostic key is provided for new species. Hence, based on a wide range of the assessments conducted, the mentioned samples are considered as distinct species when compared with the previously introduced species in the region. Thus, it strengthens our justification as to whether they are new species. Our argument for mentioned novelties is significant differences in the most important morphological and micro-morphological characteristics following trichome type, shape and size of cauline and basal leaves, shape and size of calyx, annulus hairs, shape and size of corolla, nutlets morphology, anther length as well connection and their exertion as well pollen type and size compared to their nearest species. Besides, the recent novelties are confirmed by obviously ecological differentiations.

Keyword: Boraginaceae, Diagnostic key, Iran, New species, Nutlets morphology, Onosma, Pollen grain, Trichome type

Literature Cited

Ahmad, S.A. 2014. Onosma hawramanensis (Boraginaceae), A new species from Kurdistan, Iraq. Harw. Pap. Bot 19(2): 201-202.
DOI: 10.3100/hpib.v19iss2.2014.n6View Article Google Scholar

Abdulrahaman A.A., R.A. Oyedotun, and F.A. Oladele. 2011. Diagnostic significance of leaf epidermal features in the family Cucurbitaceae. Ins. Bot 1(2): 22-27.
DOI: 10.5567/BOTANY-IK.2011.22.27View Article Google Scholar

Ak?in, ?E and A, Engin. 2001. Comparative morphological and anatomical study on species of Onosma isauricum Boiss. & Heldr. and O. stenolobum Hausskn. ex H. Riedl. Herb. Jour. Syst. Bot 8: 75-95.

Ak?in, ?E. 2004. An investigation on the morphology, anatomy and ecology of endemic Onosma bornmuelleri Hausskn. Ecology 13:13-19.

Ak?in, ?E. 2007a. Nutlets micromorphology of some Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) species from Turkey. Biologia 62(6): 684-689.
DOI: 10.2478/s11756-007-0126-0View Article Google Scholar

Ak?in, ?E. 2007b. The morphological and anatomical properties of endemic Onosma armenum DC. (Boraginaceae) species. Int. Jour. Nat. Engin. Sci 1:37-43.

Ak?in, ?E and A. Engin. 2005. The morphological, anatomical and ecological properties of endemic Onosma bracteosum Hausskn. & Bornm. (Boraginaceae) species. Turk. Jour. Bot 29: 317-325.

Ak?in, ?.E. 2009. Micromorphological and taxonomical studies on petals of 11 Turkish Onosma (Boraginaceae) species. Bang. Jour. Pl. Tax 16(2): 157-164.
DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v16i2.3928View Article Google Scholar

Ak?in, O.E. and R. Binzet. 2011. Micro-morphological studies on nutlets of some Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) species from Turkey. Pak. Jour. Bot 43(2): 743-752.

Ak?in, ?.E., G. Senel, and Y. Akcin. 2013. Leaf epidermis morphology of some Onosma (Boraginaceae) species from Turkey. Turk. Jour. Bot 37: 55-64.

Arab Ameri, M., A.R. Mehrabian. and S. Sadeghi. 2014. Nutlet and flower morphological studies on Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) in Iran. Iran. Jour. Bot 20(2): 1-18.

Attar, F and M.H. Joharchi. 2006. Onosma khorassanica a New species from northeast of Iran. Rostaniha 2: 111-114.

Attar, F and B. Hamzehee. 2007. Onosma bisotunensis (Boraginaceae), a New Species from Western Iran. Novon 17(3): 279-281.
DOI: 10.3417/1055-3177(2007)17[279:OBBANS]2.0.CO;2View Article Google Scholar

Aytac, Z. and Z. Turkmen. 2011. A new Onosma (Boraginaceae) species from southern Anatolia. Turk. Jour. Bot 35: 269-247.

Azizian, D., M. Khatamsaz and J. Kasaian. 2000. The taxonomic significance of leaf anatomy in the genus Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) in Iran. Iran. Jour. bot 8: 167-180.

Ball, P.W. 1972. Onosma L. In: Tutin et al. (eds). Flora Europa, Vol. 3. Cambridge, pp.89-95.

Borb?s, V. 1877.Adatok Arbe ?s Veglia szigetek ny?ri fl?r?ja k?zelebbi ismeret?hez (Symbolae ad floram aestivam insularum Arbe et Veglia). Mathematikai ?s term?szettudom?nyi k?zlem?nyek 14: 365-436.

Binzet, R. 2011. Pollen morphology of some Onosma species (Boraginaceae) from Turkey. Pak. Jour. Bot 43(2): 731-741.

Binzet, R and N. Orcan. 2003. Morphological and palynological studies on Onosma roussaei DC. and Onosma giganteum Lam. (Boraginaceae). Herb. Jour. Syst. Bot 10: 57-76.

Binzet, R. and ?E. Ak?in. 2009. The morphological and anatomical properties of two endemic Onosma species (O. intertextum Hub. Mor. and O. sieheanum Hayek). Act. Bot. Hungar 51(1-2): 1-9.
DOI: 10.1556/ABot.51.2009.1-2.1View Article Google Scholar

Binzet R. 2009. Nutlet size, shape and surface ornamentation in 14 Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) species. Act. Bot. Croat 68: 117-126.

Binzet, R., I. Kandemir and N. Orcan. 2010. Palynological classification of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) species from east Mediterranean region in Turkey. Act. Bot. Croat 69(2): 259-274.

Biggazi, M. and F. Selvi. 2000. Stigma form and surface in the tribe Boragineae (Boraginaceae): micro-morphological diversity, relationships with pollen and systematic relevance. Can. Jour. Bot 78(3): 388-408.
DOI: 10.1139/b00-014View Article Google Scholar

Boissier, E. 1879. Flora Orientalis sive enumeration plantarum in Oriente a Graecia et Aegypto ad Indiae fines hucusque observatarum. Vol. IV: Coroliflorae et Monochlamydeae. Basileae.

de Candolle, A. P. 1846. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol. 10. Paris: Masson.

Cecchi, L., A. Coppi and F. Selvi. 2011. Evolutionary dynamics of serpentine adaptation in Onosma (Boraginaceae) as revealed by ITS sequence data. Pl. Sys. Evol 297(3-4): 185-199.
DOI: 10.1007/s00606-011-0506-3View Article Google Scholar

Cecchi, L. and F. Selvi. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships of the monotypic genera Halascya and Paramoltkia and the origins of serpentine adaptation in circummediterranean Lithospermeae (Boraginaceae): insights from ITS and matK DNA sequences. Taxon 58: 700-714

Cecchi, L., A. Coppi and F. Selvi. 2016. Onosma juliae (Boraginaceae), a new species from southern Turkey, with remarks on the systematics of Onosma in the Irano-Turanian region. Phytotaxa 288(3): 201–213.
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.288.3.1View Article Google Scholar

Cohen, J.I. 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular characters of Lithospermum L. (Boraginaceae) and related species: evolutionary relationships and character evolution. Cladistics 27(6): 1-22.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00352.xView Article Google Scholar

Frey, W. and P. Probst. 1986. A synopsis of the vegetation of Iran In: Kiirschner H. (Ed) Contributions to the Vegetation of Southwest Asia. Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. pp. 9-43

Ghahreman, A. and F. Attar. 1996. A new species of the genus Onosma from W. Iran. Iran. Jour. Bot 7(1): 51-55.

Halbritter H., M. Weber., R. Zetter., A. Frosch-Radivo., R. Buchner and M. Hesse. 2008. PalDat - Illustrated Handbook on Pollen Terminology. Vienna. 70 pp.

Hedge, I.C. and P. Wendelbo. 1978. Patterns of distribution and endemism in Iran. Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb 36: 441-464.

Harris, J.G and M.W. Harris. 2001. Plant Identification Terminology, an Illustrated Glossary, 2nd edition. Lake Publishing. 268 pp.

Hilger, H. H. F. Selvi., A. Papini. and M. Bigazzi. 2004. Systematic of Boraginaceae tribe Boragineae based on ITS1 and trnL sequences with special refrenceto Anchusa sensu Lato. Ann. Bot 94(2):201-212.
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mch132View Article Google Scholar

IUCN. 2011. Guidelines for appropriate uses of IUCN Red List Data. Incorporating the Guidelines for Reporting on Proportion Threatened and the Guidelines on Scientific Collecting of Threatened Species. Version 9. Adopted by the IUCN Red List Committee and IUCN SSC Steering Committee, 78 pp.

Johnston, I.M. 1954. Studies in the Boraginaceae, XXVI. Further evaluations of the genera of the Lithospermeae. Jour. Arno. Arbor 35:1-81.
DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.8314View Article Google Scholar

Polunin, O.1969. Flowers of Europe. Oxford University Press.

Kandemir, A. and Z. Turkmen. 2010. New species of Onosma (Boraginaceae) from eastern Turkey.Turk. Jour. Bot 34: 277-282.

Khatamsaz N. 2002. Boraginaceae L. In: Assadi M, Massoumi AA, Mozaffarian V, Jamzad, Z, editors Flora of Iran. Res. Ins. For. Rang, pp. 1-504.

Klein, J. C. 1991. Endemisme a l'etage alpin de l'Alborz (Iran). pp. 3-8. In: Contributiones selectae ad floram et vegetationem orientis: proceedings of the Third Plant Life of southwest Asia Symposium.

Koyuncuu, O., ?.K., ?. Kurtulus., ?. Sezer and D. ?zt?rk. 2013. A new Onosma (Boraginaceae) species from Central Anatolia, Turkey. Pl. Syst. Evol 299(10): 1939-1847.

Kolar?ik, V., V.J.J. Zozomova-Lihova and P. Martonfi. 2010. Systematics and evolutionary history of the Asterotricha group of the geus Onosma (Boraginaceae) in central and southern Europe inferred from AFLP and nrDNA ITS data. Pl. Syst. Evol 290(1-4): 21-45.
DOI: 10.1007/s00606-010-0346-6View Article Google Scholar

Kolar?ik, V., V.J.J. Zozomova-Lihova., E. Ducar and P. Martonfi. 2015. Evolutionary significance of hybridization in Onosma (Boraginaceae): analyses of stabilized hemisexual oddpolyploids and recent sterile hybrids. Biol.Jour. Linn. Soc 112(1): 89-107.
DOI: 10.1111/bij.12270View Article Google Scholar

Kolar?ik, V., E. Duc?r, and T. Ka?m?rov?. 2015a. Patterns of pollen stainability in polyploids of the genus Onosma (Boraginaceae). Pl. Ecol. Evol 148(1): 76–89.
DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.2015.1053View Article Google Scholar

Kolar?ik, V. and P. Martonfi. 2006. Revision of the distribution of the genus Onosma (Boraginaceae) in Slovakia. Thai. Jour. Bot 16:131-154.

Maggi, F., Kolarcik, V. and P. Martonfi. 2008. Palynological Analysis of five selected of Onosma Species. Biologica 63(2): 183-186.
DOI: 10.2478/s11756-008-0026-yView Article Google Scholar

M?rtonfi, P., M?rtonfiov?, L. and V. Kolar?ik. 2008. Karyotypes and genome size of Onosma species from northern limits of the genus in Carpathians. Caryologia 61(4): 363-374.
DOI: 10.1080/00087114.2008.10589648View Article Google Scholar

Martonfi, P., Kolarkick, V. and L, Somlyay. 2014. Lectotypification Onosma viridis and synonymization of O. tornensis with O. viridis (Boraginaceae). Ann. Bot. Fenn 51:201-206.

Mehrabian, A.R., M. Sheidai., M. Noormohamadi., Y. Asri and V. Mozaffarian. 2011a. Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and morphological diversity in Onosma L (Boraginaceae) species in Iran. Afr. Jour. Bot 10(53): 10831-10838.
DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.1910View Article Google Scholar

Mehrabian, A.R., M. Sheidai., M. Noormohamadi., Y. Asri and V. Mozaffarian. 2011b. Inter-populations diversity in Onosma microcarpa (Boraginaceae): Morphological and molecular (ISSR) approach. Science MED 3: 187-198.

Mehrabian, A.R., M. Sheidai., Noormohamadi, M., Mozaffarian, v. and Y. Asri. 2012. Palynological diversity in the genus Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) of Iran. Ann.Biol. Res 3(8):3885-3893.

Mehrabian, A.R., Sheidai, M. and V. Mozaffarian. 2013. Micromorphology of leaf trichomes in Onosma (Boraginaceae) and their systematics relevance in Iran. Phyt. Balc 20(1): 41-56.

Mehrabian, A.R., V. Mozaffarian and M. Sheidai. 2014. Three new species of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) from Iran. Fedd. Repp 124(2-3):69-79.
DOI: 10.1002/fedr.201300007View Article Google Scholar

Mehrabian, A.R. 2015. Distribution pattern and diversity of Onosma (Boraginaceae) in Iran: Priorities for conservation of habitats and species as an important center of diversity and endemism in S.W Asia. Rostaniha 16(1): 60-36.

Mengoni, A., Selvi, F., Cusimano, N., Galardi, F. and C. Gonnelli. 2006. Genetic diversity inferred from AFLP fingerprinting in populations of Onosma echioides (Boraginaceae) from serpentine and calcareous soils. Pl. Biosys 140(2):211-219.
DOI: 10.1080/11263500600756660View Article Google Scholar

Meusel, H., Jager, H., Rauschert, E. and E. Weinert. 1978. Vergleichend Chrologie der zentrleuropalschhen Flora. 2. Karten. Veb Gustav Fischer Verlag.

Moradi, H. The geobotanical study of endemic species of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) in order to protect and manage habitats in Ardebil and East Azarbaijan provinces (NW Iran) A Thesis accepted for MSC Degree. Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Behesti University.

Nasir, E. and SI. Ali. 1979. Flora of West Pakistan, an annotated catalogue of vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir by R.R. Stewart: Fakhri Press, Karachi.

Naqinezhad, A.R. and F. Attar. 2016. Onosma ghahremanii sp. nov. (Boraginaceae), a new species from Alborz Mts., Iran. Phytotaxa 268(4): 286-290.
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.268.4.7View Article Google Scholar

Naghizade. S. 2018. The ecological assessment of habitats of Onosam L. (Boraginaceae) in order to conservation and habitat management in East and West Azarbaidjan provinces (NW Iran). A Thesis accepted for MSC Degree. Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Behesti University.

Ning, Jian-chang., Yi-zhen, Xi. and Yu-Long, Zhang. 1995. A comparative palynological study on the Maharanga and Onosma (Boraginaceae). Act. Phyt. Sin 3(1): 52-57.

Peruzzi, L. and N.G. Passalacqua. 2008. Taxonomy of the Onosma echioides (L.) L. complex (Boraginaceae) based on morphometric analysis. Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc 157(4):763-774.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00827.xView Article Google Scholar

Popov, M.G. 1950. O primenenii botanico-geographicheskogo metoda in systematici rastenij Problems Botanici. Moscow-leningrad. Academy of Sciences of URSS, I: 70-108.

Popov, M.G. 1951. Ad conguitionem meliorem generis Onosma L. Not. Syst. Lenin 14:287-304.

Popov, M. 1953. Boraginaceae. -In: Shishkin, BK. Flora of USSR, Vol.19.-Keter Publishing House Jerusalem Ltd.

Polunin, O. 1969. Flowers of Europe. Oxford University Press, 1st Edition.

Post, G.E. 1986. Flora Syria. Palestine and Sinai. The American Press. Beirut, 919 pp.

Punt, W. et al. 2007. Glossary of pollen and spores terminology. Rev. Poll. Palyn 143(1-2): 1-81.
DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008View Article Google Scholar

Qureshi, U.S. and M, Qaiser. 1987: Palynological Study of Onosma (Boraginaceae) from Pakistan. Pak. Jour. Bot 19: 99-105.

Ranjbar, M and M. Almasi. 2015. Onosma maculata (Boraginaceae), a remarkable new species from Iran. Nord. Jour. Bot 33(5): 522-525.
DOI: 10.1111/njb.00614View Article Google Scholar

Riedl, H. 1967. Boraginaceae -In: Rechinger KH (ed.), Flora Iranica, vol. 48. Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, pp.170-212.

Riedl, H. 1979. Onosma L. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands, vol. 6. University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 326-376.

Sales, F. and I.C. Hedge. 1996. Bio geographical aspects of selected SW Asiatic woody species. Annalez Naturhist. Museum Wien 98B, Suppl: 149-161.

Sayadi, S., A.R. Mehrabin. and M.J. Nikjoyan. 2017. Some notes on taxonomy and diversity of Onosma with emphasis on important evidence and complex groups in Flora Iranica. Rostaniha 18(1): 50-58.

Schur, P.JF. 1866. Enumeratio plantarum Transsilvaniae, exhibens stirpes phanerogamas sponte crescentes atque frequentius cultas, cryptogamas vasculares, charceas, etiam muscos hepaticasque. G. Braum?ller, Vindobona Wien.

Sheidai, M., S. Sadeghi, M. Arab Ameri, A.R. Mehrabian and M. Noormohammadi. 2015. Species delimitation and population structure in three Onosma (Boraginaceae) species. Biologia 70(10): 1326-1333.
DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0151View Article Google Scholar

Simpson, M. 2006. Pl. Sys. Elsevier Acad. Press.

Stoklin, J .1968. Structural history and tectonics of Iran: a review. AAPG. Bull 52(7): 1229-1258.
DOI: 10.1306/5D25C4A5-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865DView Article Google Scholar

Takhtajan, A. 1986. Floristic regions of the world. Berkeley, etc.: (Transl. by TJ Crovello.) University California Press. 581 pp.

Teppner, H. 1971. Cytosystematik, bimodale Chromosomensa?tze und permanente Anorthoploidie bei Onosma (Boraginaceae). Oesterreichische botanische Zeitschrift.119(1-3):196-233.
DOI: 10.1007/BF01373117View Article Google Scholar

Teppner, H. 1972. Cytosystematische Studien an Onosma (Boraginaceae). Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 84:691-696.

Teppner, H. 1980. Onosma kurdicum Teppner.: a new Species from Iran. Phyton 20(12): 141-145.

Teppner, H. 1991. Karyology of some Greek Onosma species (Boraginaceae). In: Proceedings of the VI OPTIMA-meeting, Delphi, 10-16 Sept. 1989. Bot. Chr.10: 271-292.

Teppner, H. 1996. Die Onosma-Arten (Boraginaceae-Lithospermeae) Rum?niens. Stapfia 45: 47-54.

Teppner, H. 2008. An asterotrichous, hexaploid Onosma from Bulgaria: O. malkarmayorum spec. nova (Boraginaceae-Lithospermeae). Phyton 48(1): 117-132.

Teppner, H. 2012. Notes on morphology and karyology of Onosma fruticosa (Boraginaceae- Lithospermeae) from Cyprus. Phyton 52(2): 301-320.

Thiers, B.M. 2008. (Continuously updated): Index herbariorum. http://sciweb.nbybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp.

Thomas, D.C., M. Weigend and H.H. Hilger. 2008. Phylogeny and systematics of Lithodora (Boraginaceae-Lithospermeae) and its affinities to the monotypic genera Mairetis, Halacsyaand Paramoltkia based on ITS1 and trnLUAA - sequence data and morphology. Taxon 57: 79-97.

Vouillamoz, J. 2001. Approches cytotaxonomique et mol?culaire de la phylog?ographie des taxons du genre Onosma (Boraginaceae) en Suisse et dans les pays limitrophes. PhD thesis, Facult? des Sciences de l’Universit? de Lausanne (In French).

Weigend, M., F. Luebert., F. Selvi,., G. Brokamp and H.H. Hilger. 2013. Multiple origins for hound’s tongues (Cynoglossum L.) and navelseeds (Omphalodes Mill.) - The phylogeny of the borage family (Boraginaceae s.str.). Mol. Phyl. Evol 68(3):604-618.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.009View Article Google Scholar

Weigend, M., M. Gottsschling., F. Selvi and H.H. Hilger. 2016. Boraginaceae. In. Kadereit, J. and Bittrich, V (editors). The Families and Genera of vascular plants, vol. 14. Springer Inter. Publishing.

Weigend, M., M. Gottsschling F. Selvi. and H.H. Hilger. 2009. Marbleseeds are gromwellsSystematics and evolution of Lithospermum and allies (Boraginaceae tribe Lithospermeae) based on molecular and morphological data. Mol. Phyl. Evol 52(3):755-768.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.013View Article Google Scholar

Zemskova, E.A. and T.N. Popov. 1991. The palyno-morphological investigation of the genus Onosma (Boraginaceae). Bot. Jour. 76(9):1279-1291.

Zahran, M. A. 2010. Climate-Vegetation: Afro-Asian Mediterranean and Red Sea Coastal Lands. Springer Science & Business Media. New York 324pp.

Zohary, M. 1973. On the geobotanical structure of Iran. The Bull. Res. Co. Isr, 11D supplementary: 1-113.