Research Paper

Gastrochilus wamanus (Orchidaceae), a new species from Baoshan, China

Peng-Yu Wu, Zi-Yang Wang, Jiaxu Guo, Cheng-Yuan Zhou, Man-Qing Fu, Zhi-Feng Xu, Yu-Tian Zhang

Published on: 23 September 2026

Page: 721 - 726

DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.721

  • BibTeX
    •
  • EndNote
    •
  • RIS
    •

    Abstract

    The newly discovered orchid, Gastrochilus wamanus (Aeridinae, Orchidaceae), found in Baoshan, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated based on evidence from morphology, phenology, ecology and distribution. The species is morphologically similar to G. gongshanensis, G. formosanus and G. calceolaris, but can be differentiated by its relatively large plant stature, serrate epichile margin, papillate hairs on the epichile, and unique hypochile morphology. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and four plastid regions (atpI-atpH, matK, psbA, and trnL-F) indicate that G. wamanus is sister to G. gongshanensis with strong support. These molecular results, combined with diagnostic morphological differences, support recognition of this taxon as a distinct new species.

    Keyword: Morphology, Gastrochilus calceolaris, Gastrochilus formosanus, Gastrochilus gongshanensis, Taxonomy

    Literature Cited

    Beentje, H. 2012 The Kew Plant Glossary: An Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms, Revised Edition. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Publishing, Kew.

    Chen, S.C., Tsi, Z.H., Wood, J.J. 2009 Gastrochilus D. Don. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H., Hong, D.Y. (eds.), Flora of China, Vol. 25: 491–498. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.

    Don, D. 1825 Prodromus Florae Nepalensis. J. Gale, London: 256.

    Hsu, T.C., Hsieh, S.I., Wu, J.H., Hung, H.C. 2018 Gastrochilus deltoglossus (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Vandeae: Aeridinae), a new species from Taiwan. Taiwania 63(4): 360–365.
    DOI: 10.6165/tai.2018.63.360View Article Google Scholar

    IUCN 2012 IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, 2nd ed. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge.

    Katoh, K., Standley, D.M. 2013 MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30(4): 772–780.
    DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mst010View Article Google Scholar

    Kumar, P., Gale, S.W., Kocyan, A., Fischer, G.A., Averyanov, L.V., Borosova, R., Bhattacharjee, A., Li, J.H., Pang, K.S. 2014 Gastrochilus kadooriei (Orchidaceae), a new species from Hong Kong, with notes on allied taxa in section Microphyllae found in the region. Phytotaxa 164(2): 91–103.
    DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.164.2.3View Article Google Scholar

    Lee, Y.I., Yu, S.K., Liao, P.C., Wang, K.H., Lin, T.P. 2019 Newly discovered native orchids of Taiwan (XIV). Taiwania 64(4): 339–346.
    DOI: 10.6165/tai.2019.64.339View Article Google Scholar

    Li, J.W., Ya, J.D., Ye, D.P., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Pan, R., He, Z.X., Pan, B., Cai, J., Lin, D.L., Jin, X.H. 2021 Taxonomy notes on Vandeae (Orchidaceae) from China: five new species and two new records. Plant Divers. 43(5): 379–389.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.01.009View Article Google Scholar

    Li, M.K., Yu, Y.P., Ma, P.Y., Chen, X.D., Deng, J.P., Liu, Q., Luo, Y., Xing, Z. 2023 Gastrochilus linzhiensis (Aeridinae, Vandeae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Xizang, China. Taiwania 68(3): 314–317.
    DOI: 10.6165/tai.2023.68.314View Article Google Scholar

    Li, Y., Jin, W., Zhang, L., Zhou, P., Luo, Y., Zhu, Z., Xiang, X. 2022 Biogeography and diversification of the tropical and subtropical Asian genus Gastrochilus (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae). Diversity 14(5): 396.
    DOI: 10.3390/d14050396View Article Google Scholar

    Liu, Q., Gao, J.Y. 2018 Gastrochilus dulongjiangensis (Aeridinae, Vandeae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Yunnan Province, China. Phytotaxa 340(3): 283–293.
    DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.3.11View Article Google Scholar

    Liu, Q., Kumar, P., Gao, J.Y. 2019a Notes on Gastrochilus gongshanensis (Orchidaceae). Kew Bull. 74(2): 21.
    DOI: 10.1007/s12225-019-9808-3View Article Google Scholar

    Liu, Q., Song, Y., Jin, X.H., Gao, J.Y. 2019b Phylogenetic relationships of Gastrochilus (Orchidaceae) based on nuclear and plastid DNA data. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 189(3): 228–243.
    DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boy084View Article Google Scholar

    Liu, Q., Wu, X.F., Zhou, S.S., Li, J.W., Jin, X.H. 2023 New species and record of Gastrochilus (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae) from China and Laos. Phytotaxa 585(3): 210–224.
    DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.3.3View Article Google Scholar

    Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B.Q. 2015 IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 32(1): 268–274.
    DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu300View Article Google Scholar

    Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W., Rasmussen, F.N. 2014 Genera Orchidacearum: Epidendroideae, Vol. 6, Part 3: 544. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Rao, W.H., Liu, Z.J., Zhang, G.Q., Chen, X.H., Huang, J., Chen, G.Z., Chen, L.J. 2019 A new epiphytic species of Gastrochilus (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 413(4): 296–300.
    DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.413.4.5View Article Google Scholar

    Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., H?hna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A., Huelsenbeck, J.P. 2012 MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Syst. Biol. 61(3): 539–542.
    DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/sys029View Article Google Scholar

    Tsi, Z.H. 1996 A preliminary revision of Gastrochilus (Orchidaceae). Guihaia 16: 123–154.

    Wu, P.Y., Guo, J.X., Zhou, C.Y., Wang, Z.Y., Shan, Q.T., Yong, H., Zhang, Y.T. 2025 Gastrochilus wenchuanensis (Aeridinae; Orchidaceae): A new species from China based on molecular and morphological data. Taiwania 70(4): 755–763.
    DOI: 10.6165/tai.2025.70.755View Article Google Scholar

    Zhang, J., Liao, M., Xu, B., He, H. 2024a Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Gastrochilus sinensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae), a beautiful epiphytic orchid from China. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour. 9(1): 100–103.
    DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2301033View Article Google Scholar

    Zhang, J.Y., Cheng, Y.H., Liao, M., Feng, Y., Jin, S.L., He, T.M., He, H., Xu, B. 2024b A new infrageneric classification of Gastrochilus (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) based on molecular and morphological data. Plant Divers. 46(4): 435–447.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.08.001View Article Google Scholar

    Zhang, J.Y., Cheng, Y.H., Liao, M., Jin, S.L., Qu, C.M., Tan, Y.C., Plenkovi?-Moraj, A., Xu, B. 2022 Gastrochilus wolongensis (Orchidaceae): a new species from Sichuan, China, based on molecular and morphological data. Ecosyst. Health Sustain. 8: 2101546.
    DOI: 10.1080/20964129.2022.2101546View Article Google Scholar

    Zhou, Z.H., Shi, R.H., Zhang, Y., Jin, X.H. 2021a Orchid diversity in China: recent discoveries. Plant Divers. 43(5): 341–342.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.07.004View Article Google Scholar

    Zhou, Z.H., Shi, R.H., Zhang, Y., Xing, X.K., Jin, X.H. 2021b Orchid conservation in China from 2000 to 2020: achievements and perspectives. Plant Divers. 43(5): 343–349.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.06.003View Article Google Scholar