Note

Contribution to the Knowledge of the Lichen Mycota of Myanmar (I) Twenty Species Newly Recorded from Southern Myanmar

Yoshihito Ohmura, Miyu Sugimoto, Mu Mu Aung, Nobuyuki Tanaka

Published on: 09 November 2020

Page: 548 - 558

DOI: 10.6165/tai.2020.65.548

Abstract

Specimens of lichens collected from southern Myanmar including Tanintharyi and Yangon Regions were examined. As the result of taxonomic examinations, the following 20 species were identified: Astrothelium macrocarpum, Bulbothrix subscortea, Coccocarpia erythroxyli, C. palmicola, Cruentotrema thailandicum, Dirinaria aegialita, D. consimilis, Dyplolabia afzelii, Flakea papillata, Glyphis cicatricosa, Graphis cf. caesiella, G. desquamescens, G. supracola, Malmidea bakeri, Physcia undulata, Pyrenula mamillana, Pyxine dactyloschmidtii, Sarcographa labyrinthica, Trypethelium eluteriae, and Zwackhia prosodea. All of them, except the two species of Coccocarpia, are new records for Myanmar. The ITS rDNA sequences were successfully obtained from 17 samples for 14 species. The BLAST identities for Myanmar collections with the same species in GenBank range from 89 to 100%.

Keyword: BLAST, distribution, inventory, ITS rDNA, lichenized fungi, Southeast Asia, taxonomy

Literature Cited

Aptroot, A. 2009. Pyrenulaceae. In: McCarthy, P. M. (ed.), Flora of Australia, Vol. 57, Lichens 5. ABRS, Canberra & CSIRO Publishing, Melobourne. pp. 84–194

Aptroot, A. 2012. A world key to the species of Anthracothecium and Pyrenula. Lichenologist 44(1): 5–53.
DOI: 10.1017/S0024282911000624View Article Google Scholar

Aptroot, A. and R. L?cking. 2016. A revisionary synopsis of the Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Trypetheliales). Lichenologist 48(6): 763–982.
DOI: 10.1017/S0024282916000487View Article Google Scholar

Aptroot, A. and A. F. Rodrigues. 2005. Additions to the Azorean lichen flora. Arquip?lago. Life Marine Sci. 22A: 71–75.

Aptroot, A., A. F. Rodrigues, F. Schumm, S. C?mara and R. Gabriel. 2010. List of lichens and lichenicolous fungi (Fungi). In: Botges, P. A. V. et al. (eds.), Listagem dos Organismos Terrestres e Marinhos dos A?ores. A list of the Terrestrial and Marine Biota from the Azores. Princ?pia, Cascais. pp. 59–79.

Archer, A. W. 2006. The lichen family Graphidaceae in Australia. Bibl. Lichenol. 94. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart. 191 pp.

Archer, A. W. 2009. Graphidaceae. In: McCarthy, P. M. (ed.). Flora of Australia, vol. 57, Lichens 5. ABRS, Canberra & CSIRO Publishing, Melobourne. pp. 84–194.

Archer, A. W. 2012. Graphis supracola A.W. Archer is not endemic to Australia. Australas. Lichenol. 71: 18–19.

Arvidsson, L. 1982. A monograph of the lichen genus Coccocarpia. Op. Bot. 67: 1–96.

Benatti, M. N. 2012. Three resurrected species of the genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenized fungi). Mycosphere 3(1): 46–55.
DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/3/1/5View Article Google Scholar

Buaruang, K., K. Boonpragob, P. Mongkolsuk, E. Sangvichien, K. Vongshewarat, W. Polyiam, A. Rangsiruji, W. Saipunkaew, K. Naksuwankul, J. Kalb, S. Parnmen, E. Kraichak, P. Phraphuchamnong, S. Meesim, T. Luangsuphabool, P. Nirongbut, V. Poengsungnoen, N. Duangphui, M. Sodamuk, S. Phokaeo, M. Molsil, A. Aptroot, K. Kalb, R. L?cking and H. T. Lumbsch. 2017. A new checklist of lichenized fungi occurring in Thailand. MycoKeys 23: 1–91.
DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.23.12666View Article Google Scholar

C?ceres, M. E. da S. 2007. Corticolous crustose and microfoliose lichens of northeastern Brazil. Libri Bot. 22: 1–168.

Culberson, C. F. and A. Johnson. 1982. Substitution of methyl tert.-butyl ether for diethyl ether in the standardized thin-layer chromatographic method for lichen products. J. Chromatogr. 238(2): 483–487.
DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81336-9View Article Google Scholar

Elix, J. A. 2009. Physciaceae. In: McCarthy, P. M. (ed.), Flora of Australia, vol. 57, Lichens 5. ABRS, Canberra & CSIRO Publishing, Melobourne. pp. 494–533.

Ertz, D. 2009. Revision of the corticolous Opegrapha species from the Paleotropics. Bibl. Lichenol. 102. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart. 176 pp.

Ertz, D., A. Tehler, M. Irestedt, A. Frisch, G. Thor and P. van den Boom. 2015. A large-scale phylogenetic revision of Roccellaceae (Arthoniales) reveals eight new genera. Fungal Divers. 70(1): 31–53.
DOI: 10.1007/s13225-014-0286-5View Article Google Scholar

Gardes, M. and T. D. Bruns. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for Basidiomycetes - application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol. Ecol. 2(2): 113–118.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.xView Article Google Scholar

Gupta, P. and G. P. Sinha. 2016. New records of lichen taxa from Uttar Pradesh, India. Crypt. Biodivers. Assess. 1(2): 64–69.
DOI: 10.21756/cab.v1i2.7032View Article Google Scholar

Flakus, A., H. J. M. Sipman, K. Bach, P. R. Flakus, K. Knudsen, T. Ahti, U. Schiefelbein, Z. Palice, A. Jab?o?ska, M. Oset, R. I. Meneses and M. Kukwa. 2013. Contribution to the knowledge of the lichen biota of Bolivia. 5. Pol. Bot. J. 58(2): 697–733.
DOI: 10.2478/pbj-2013-0073View Article Google Scholar

Hafellner, J. 2008. Additions and corrections to the checklist and bibliography of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of insular Laurimacaronesia. IV. Fritschiana 64: 1–28.

Hosaka, K. 2009. Phylogeography of the genus Pisolithus revisited with some additional taxa from New Caledonia and Japan. Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, Bot. 35: 151–167.

Joseph, S., G.P. Sinha and V.S. Ramachandran. 2018 Taxonomic Revision of the Lichen Genus Opegrapha sensu lato (Roccellaceae) in India. Indian Journal of Forestry Additional Series VI. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India. pp. 1–172.

Joshi, S., D. K. Upreti, A. E. Egbe and J.-S. Hur. 2016. New records of Graphis from Cameroon, with a key to African species of Graphis. Mycotaxon 131(4): 925–937.
DOI: 10.5248/131.925View Article Google Scholar

Kalb, K., E. Rivas Plata, R. L?cking and H. T. Lumbsch. 2011. The phylogenetic position of Malmidea, a new genus for the Lecidea piperis- and Lecanora granifera-groups (Lecanorales, Malmideaceae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences with special reference to Thai species. Bibl. Lichenol. 106. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart. pp. 143–168.

Kalb, K., W. Polyiam, E. Rivas Plata, P. A. Bawingan, K. Kalb and R. L?cking. 2016. ‘Missing links’ alive? Novel taxa represent morphological transitions between distinctive phenotypes among extant Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales). Phytotaxa 268(2): 110–122.
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.268.2.2View Article Google Scholar

Kashiwadani, H. 1979. Lichens of Kohzu-shima Island, the Izu Islands. Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Ser. B (Bot.), Tokyo 5: 97–106.

Kashiwadani, H., A. Aptroot and K. H. Moon. 2009. New pyrenocarpous lichens in Japan, with the resurrection of the genus Trypetheliopsis for Musaespora. In: Aptroot, A. et al. (eds.): Biodiversity and Ecology of Lichens. Liber Amicorum Harrie Sipman. Bibl. Lichenol. 99. J. Cramer in der Gebr?der Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin-Stuttgart. pp. 247–258.

L?cking, R. 2009. The taxonomy of the genus Graphis sensu Staiger (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae). Lichenologist 41: 319–362. L?cking, R., A. W. Archer and A. Aptroot. 2009. A world-wide key to the genus Graphis (Ostroplaes: Graphidaceae). Lichenologist 41: 363–452.

Mittermeier, R. A., P. Robles Gil, M. Hoffmann, J. D. Pilgrim, T. M. Brooks, C. G. Mittermeier and G. A. B. da. Fonseca. 2004. Hotspots Revisited: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Ecoregions. Mexico City: Cemex. 390 pp.

Moberg, R. 1990. The lichen genus Physcia in Central and South America. Nord. J. Bot. 10(3): 319–342.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb01776.xView Article Google Scholar

Moberg, R. 2001. The lichen genus Physcia in Australia. In: McCarthy, P. M. et al. (eds.), Lichenological Contributions in Honour of Jack Elix. Bibl. Lichenol. 78. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart. pp. 289–311.

Mongkolsuk, P., S. Meesim, V. Poengsungnoen and K. Kalb. 2012. The lichen family Physciaceae in Thailand–I. The genus Pyxine. Phytotaxa 59(1): 32–54.
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.59.1.2View Article Google Scholar

Moon, K. H., M. Nakanishi, Y. Futagami and H. Kashiwadani. 2015. Studies on Cambodian species of Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) (II). J. Jpn. Bot. 90: 98–102.

Muggia, L., C. Gueidan, G. Perlmutter, O. E. Eriksson and M. Grube. 2009. Molecular data confirm the position of Flakea papillata in the Verrucariaceae. Bryologist 112(3): 538–543.
DOI: 10.1639/0007-2745-112.3.538View Article Google Scholar

M?ller, J. 1889. Lichenologische Beitr?ge 32. Flora (Regensburg) 72: 505–508.

Nakanishi, M. 1966. Taxonomical studies on the family Graphidaceae of Japan. J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 2 (Bot.) 11: 51–126.

Nylander, W. and J. M. Crombie. 1883. On a collection of exotic lichens made in eastern Asia by the late Dr. A. C. Maingay. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(125): 48–69.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1883.tb00184.xView Article Google Scholar

Ohmura, Y. and H. Kashiwadani. 2018. Checklist of Lichens and Allied Fungi of Japan. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs 49. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo. 143 pp.

Pentecost, A. and P. W. James. 2009. Opegrapha Ach. (1809). In: Smith, C. W. et al. (ed.) 2009. The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. British Lichen Society, London. pp. 631–647.

Perlmutter, G. B. 2006. Flakea papillata in North America. Bryologist 109(4): 566–569.
DOI: 10.1639/0007-2745(2006)109[566:FPINA]2.0.CO;2View Article Google Scholar

Rivas Plata, E., R. L?cking and H. T. Lumbsch. 2012. A new classification for the family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes: Ostropales). Fungal Divers. 52(1): 107–121.
DOI: 10.1007/s13225-011-0135-8View Article Google Scholar

Singh, K. P. and G. P. Sinha. 2010. Indian Lichens: an Annotated Checklist. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Salt Lake City, Kolkata. 571 pp.

Staiger, B. 2002. Die Flechtenfamilie Graphidaceae. Studien in Richtung einer nat?rlicheren Gliederung. Bibl. Lichenol. 85. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart. 526 pp.

Tanaka, N., S. Tagane, A. Naiki, M. M. Aung, N. Tanaka, S. Dey, J. Mood and J. Murata. 2018. Contributions to the Flora of Myanmar I: Nine taxa of monocots newly recorded from Myanmar. Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B (Bot.) 44: 31–39.

Tavares, C. N. 1952. Contributions to the lichen flora of Macaronesia. I. Lichens from Madeira. Port. Acta Biol. (B) 3: 308–391.

Thor, G. and H. Kashiwadani. 1996. Zeorin and two other triterpenoids found in Flakea papillata. Systema Ascomycetum 14: 87–90.

Tordoff, A. W., M. R. Bezuijen, J. W. Duckworth, J. R. Fellowes, K. Koenig, E. H. B. Pollard and A. G. Royo. 2011. Ecosystem profile: Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, 2011 Update. Washington DC, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. 381 pp.

Vilgalys, R. and M. Hester. 1990. Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. J. Bacteriol. 172(8): 4238–4246.
DOI: 10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990View Article Google Scholar

Wei, J. 1991. An enumeration of lichens in China. International Academic Publishers, Beijing. 278 pp.

Zachariah, S. A., S. Nayaka, P. Gupta and S. K. Varghese. 2019. The lichen genus Pyxine (Caliciaceae) in Kerala state with P. dactyloschmidtii as new to India. Hattoria 10: 109–117.

Zhang, Y. Y., X. Y. Wang, J. W. Li, H. A. Shi, X. Ye and L. I. Wang. 2014. Bulbothrix asiatica sp. nov., and other new records of Parmeliaceae with bulbate cilia from Cambodia. Bryologist 117(4): 379–385.
DOI: 10.1639/0007-2745-117.4.379View Article Google Scholar