Literature Cited

Abansi, C. 2012 Willingness to pay for recreational benefits in Sagada, Philippines: a contingent valuation study. The Cordillera Review 4(1): 69–99.

Aguila, G.M., Ragot, R. 2014 Ecotourism industry in Ilijan Batangas City, Philippines: Assessing its effects as a basis of proposed tourism development plan. Quarterly Journal of Business Studies 1(1): 24–35.

Aguilar, M.G., Domasian, R.B. 2023 Ecotourism perception and engagement classification among residents of a nature city in the Philippines. Journal of Tourismology 9(1): 22–29.
DOI: 10.26650/jot.2023.9.1.1214643View Article Google Scholar

Alafag, J.I., Napaldet, J.T. 2022 Taxonomic and ecological notes on Gaultheria cumingiana S.Vidal (Ericaceae) from the Cordillera Central Range, Northern Philippines. Taiwania 67(4): 497?509.
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2022.67.497View Article Google Scholar

Alampay, RBA. 2005 Sustainable Tourism Challenges for the Philippines. Philippine Apec Study Center Network. Makati City, Philippines. pp304.

Alhojailan, M.I. 2012 Thematic analysis: A critical review of its process and evaluation. West East Journal of Social Sciences 1(1): 39?47.

Amata, J.P. 2021 Extent of community participation in the ecotourism project in Caramoan, Camarines Sur, Philippines. Open Access Library Journal 8(11):1?29.
DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1107790View Article Google Scholar

Aujero-Blanza, Ma. G. 2020 Roadmap of ecotourism development for emerging tourism destination in the Philippines. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts 12(1): 305–319.

Balangen, D.A., Catones, M.S., Bayeng, J.M., Napaldet, J.T. 2023. Intensities of human disturbance dictate the floral diversity in tropical forest: the case of a secondary forest in Benguet, Philippines. J. Mt. Sci. 20(6): 1575–1588.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-022-7830-7View Article Google Scholar

Bansil, P.D.D., Capellan, S.A.R., Castillo, R.C., Quezon, C.D., Sarmiento, D.M.B. 2015 Local community assessment on the economic, environmental and social aspects of ecotourism in Lobo, Philippines. Asia Pac. J. Multidiscip. Res. 3(4): 132–139.

Batani, R.S., Basbas, A.V. Jr, Loncio, R.S., Napaldet, J.T. 2023. Floral diversity in a secondary forest managed by indigenous community: the case of Mt. Kili-kili in Benguet, Cordillera Central Range, Northern Philippines. Biodiversity 24(4): 212–230.
DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2257190View Article Google Scholar

Brandt, J.S., Radeloff V., Allendorf T., Butsic V., Roopsind A. 2019 Effects of ecotourism on forest loss in the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot based on counterfactual analyses. Conserv. Biol. 33(6): 1318–1328.
DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13341View Article Google Scholar

Brillo, B. B. C. 2016 Development of a small lake: Ecotourism enterprise for Pandin Lake, San Pablo City, Philippines. Lakes Reserv.: Res. Manag. 21(4): 284–292.
DOI: 10.1111/lre.12150View Article Google Scholar

Brillo, B. B. C. 2020 Initiation and establishment of ecotourism development: Pandin Lake of San Pablo City and Tayak Hill of Rizal, Laguna, Philippines. GeoJournal 86(6): 2573–2586.
DOI: 10.1007/s10708-020-10216-1View Article Google Scholar

Brillo, B.B., Simondac-Peria, A. 2021 Sustainability of a Local Government-Instituted Ecotourism Development: Tayak Adventure, Nature and Wildlife Park in Rizal, Laguna, Philippines. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 23(11): 16145–16162.
DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01336-wView Article Google Scholar

Buckley, R. 2012 Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Ann. Tour. Res. 39(2): 528–546.
DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2012.02.003View Article Google Scholar

Bullong, J.R.T., Silverio, J.P., Alafag, J.I., Guron, M.A., Napaldet, J.T. 2024 Development of endemicity and conservation importance indices for tropical forests and the floral diversity assessment of Mt. Natoo in Benguet, Philippines. J. Mt. Sci. 21(3): 786–804.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-023-8387-9View Article Google Scholar

Buot, IE Jr. 2009 An ethnobotanical study of the plant biodiversity of Mt. Mayon, Bicol Peninsula, Albay, Philippines. J. Nat. Sci. 8(1): 1–10.

Buslon-Sia, V.M., Ferrater-Gimena, J.A., Etcuban, J.O., Tan, A.U. 2019 Ecotourism as a catalyst of poverty alleviation in rural economy in Cebu, Philippines. Asian Review of Social Sciences 8(3): 1–7.
DOI: 10.51983/arss-2019.8.3.1605View Article Google Scholar

Butler, R. 2018 Sustainable tourism in sensitive environments: A wolf in sheep’s clothing? Sustainability 10(6): 1789.
DOI: 10.3390/su10061789View Article Google Scholar

Calanog, L.A., Reyes, D.P.T., Eugenio, V.F. 2012 Making Ecotourism Work: A manual on establishing Community-based Ecotourism Enterprise (CBEE) in the Philippines. Japan International Cooperation Agency, Makati City, Philippines.

Caranza, J., Calderon, M. 2022 Recreation valuation of caving using travel cost method in Capisaan Cave System, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. Philipp J. Sci. 151(5): 1761–1770.
DOI: 10.56899/151.05.19View Article Google Scholar

Carson, R. 2000 Contingent Valuation: A User's Guide. Environmental Science & Technology 34(8): 1413–1418.
DOI: 10.1021/es990728jView Article Google Scholar

Catibog-Sinha, C. 2008 Zoo tourism: Biodiversity conservation through tourism. Journal of Ecotourism 7(2–3): 160–178.
DOI: 10.1080/14724040802140527View Article Google Scholar

Chen, C-F., Chen, F-S. 2010 Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tour. Manag. 31(1): 29–35.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.008View Article Google Scholar

Chen, C., Rau, P., Lin, C. 2020 The influence of natural scenery on tourist behavior. J. Travel Res. 59(3): 451–465.

De Jong, A., O'neill, N. 2020 Sustainable Tourism and the Environment: A Global Perspective. Routledge. 311pp.

Dulnuan, M.M., Napaldet, J.T. 2023 Mosaic interplay of floral diversity, soil properties, disturbance intensity and elevation in the riparian ecosystem under semi-subsistence agriculture of Cordillera Central Range, Northern Philippines. Aquat. Ecol. 57(3): 613–631.
DOI: 10.1007/s10452-023-10033-xView Article Google Scholar

Fesenmaier, D., Xiang, Z. 2017 Design Science in Tourism: Foundations of Destination Management. Springer.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42773-7View Article

Gallato, C. G., Reamillo, K. A. G., Valdez, N. P., Warokka, A., Hilman, H. 2012 Eco-tourism in the Philippines: educational and recreational value of the Alayan cave systems. J. Glob. Bus. Adv. 5(2): 169–178.
DOI: 10.1504/JGBA.2012.049509View Article Google Scholar

Garrod, B., Fyall, A. 2018 Destination Marketing: An Integrated Marketing Communication Approach. Routledge.

Gnanapala, A. 2015 Tourists Perception and Satisfaction: Implications for Destination Management. American Journal of Marketing Research 1(1):7–19.

Guron, M.A., Lumpio, R.G., Napaldet, J.T. 2019 Comparison of Floral Diversity of Pine Forest, Agroforestry and Agricultural Land-Uses in Talinguroy Research Station, Benguet State University, Northern Philippines. Mountain Journal of Science and Interdisciplinary Research (formerly Benguet State University Research Journal) 79(2): 21–34.

Guron, M.A., Narvaez, G., Alafag, J., Napaldet, J.T. 2022 The plant diversity of Mt. Ulap Eco-Trail in Cordillera Central Range, Philippines: An insight on the effect of ecotourism in a secondary forest. J. Wetlands Biodiversity 12: 25–50.

Halldorson, J.D. 2009 An Exploration of Tajfels Social Identity Theory and its Application to Understanding Metis as a Social Identity. University of Manitoba (Canada).

Hinterhuber, A. 2013 Value-Based Pricing: Drive Sales and Boost Your Bottom Line by Creating, Communicating and Capturing Customer Value. Wiley.

Hultman, M., Kazeminia, A., Ghasemi, V. 2015 Intention to visit and willingness to pay premium for ecotourism: The impact of attitude, materialism, and motivation. J. Bus. Res. 68 (9): 1854–1861.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.013View Article Google Scholar

Ignacio, J.G. 2019 Overview of the Environmental Impacts of Ecotourism in the Philippines. Parliamentary Institute of Cambodia (PIC). 14pp.

Jalani, J.O. 2012 Local People's Perception on the Impacts and Importance of Ecotourism in Sabang, Palawan, Philippines. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 57: 247–254.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1182View Article Google Scholar

Jin, J. 2014 Consumer Acceptance and Willingness to Pay for Genetically Modified Rice in China: A Double Bounded Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Survey Calibrated by Cheap Talk. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

Konijin, E., Mitas, O., Sluimer, N. 2016 Click to Share: Patterns in Tourist Photography and Sharing. Int. J. Tour. Res. 18(6): 525–535.
DOI: 10.1002/jtr.2069View Article Google Scholar

Lumbres, R., Palagnas, J., Micosa, S., Besic, E., Yun, C-Y., Lee, Y-J. 2014 Floral Diversity Assessment in Alno Communal Mixed Forest in Benguet Philippines. Landsc. Ecol. Eng. 10(2): 361–368.
DOI: 10.1007/s11355-012-0204-5View Article Google Scholar

Lunar, B.C., Arcega, C.V.S. 2011 Status of Plant Biodiversity in Mt. Malarayat, Batangas, Philippines. Asian Journal of Biodiversity 2(1): 1–13.
DOI: 10.7828/ajob.v2i1.90View Article Google Scholar

Mago, Y.M.F. 2011 Community Capacity Building for Ecotourism: A Literature Review. Conference Proceeding from the National Conference on Entrepreneurship and Innovation- 2011.

Mccabe, S. 2018 Understanding Tourist Behavior: Theory and Practice. Channel View Publications.

Mckercher, B., Du Cros, H. 2002 Cultural Tourism: The Partnership Between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management. Routledge.

Morse, J.M. 2000 Determining sample size. Qualitative Health Research 10(1): 3–5.
DOI: 10.1177/104973200129118183View Article Google Scholar

Napaldet, J.T. 2023 Plant species and ecosystem diversity along national road in mountain Sites: The case of Kennon Road in Cordillera Centra Range, Philippines. Taiwania 68(3): 339–348.
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2023.68.339View Article Google Scholar

Navrud, S., Vondolia, G.K. 2005 Using contingent valuation to price ecotourism sites in developing countries. Tourism 53(2): 115–125.

Niece, J. 2011 Exploring the influence of small vessel security strategy on U.S. Coast Guard multi-mission boat stations. Published thesis. USA: Northcentral University.

Nolan, R., Rotherham, I. 2012 Volunteer perceptions of an ecotourism experience: a case study of ecotourism to the coral reefs of Southern Negros in the Philippines. J. Ecotourism 11(3): 153–172.
DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2012.709248View Article Google Scholar

Ocampo, L., Ebisa, J. A., Ombe, J., Geen Escoto, M. 2018 Sustainable ecotourism indicators with fuzzy Delphi method – A Philippine perspective. Ecol. Indic. 93: 874–888.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.05.060View Article Google Scholar

Olafsdottir, G., Cloke, P., Schulz, A., van Dyck, Z., Eysteinsson, T., Thorleifsdottir, B., V?gele, C. 2020 Health benefits of walking in nature: A randomized controlled study under conditions of real-Life stress. Environ. Behav. 52(3): 248–274
DOI: 10.1177/0013916518800798View Article Google Scholar

Pearce, D. G. 2014 The internationalization of tourism research. J. Travel Res. 53(3): 267–280.
DOI: 10.1177/0047287513491336View Article Google Scholar

Pelser, P.B., J.F. Barcelona and D.L. Nickrent (eds.) 2011 onwards. Co’s Digital Flora of the Philippines. www.philippineplants.org.

Pickering, C.M., Hill W. 2007 Impacts of recreation and tourism on plant biodiversity and vegetation in protected areas in Australia. J. Environ. Manag. 85(4): 791–800.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.11.021View Article Google Scholar

Pocyoy, M.P.P., Napaldet, J.T. 2024 Ecological insights on communal forests in the tropics: The case of Alapang Communal Forest of La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines. Taiwania 69(3): 321–335.
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2024.69.321View Article Google Scholar

Rabena, M.A.F., Macandog, D.M., Cuevas, V.C., Espaldon, V.O. 2015 A vegetation inventory of a traditional secondary forest (muyong) in Kinakin, Banaue, Ifugao, northern Luzon, Philippines. Philippine J. Syst. Biol. 9: 10–32.

Replan, E.L., Malaki, A.B.B. 2017 Floral diversity and habitat assessment of Canbantug Forest, Argao, Central Visayas, Cebu, Philippines. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 8(10): 775–780.

Reyes, T.D.Jr., Abadingo, J.B., Tabuno, S.G., Seri?o, E.K.L., Mabanag, J.B. Mercadal, R.C. 2015 Floristic inventory of the proposed site for Tarsier Tourism Center in Villa Aurora, Bilar, Bohol, Philippines. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 9(2): 67.
DOI: 10.22146/jik.10188View Article Google Scholar

Rivera, J.P.R., Gutierrez, E.L.M., David, I.B.M., Newsome, D. 2022 Implementing an Effective Ecotourism Strategy for the Philippines BT – Tourism in the Philippines: Applied Management Perspectives. Springer Nature Singapore.
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-4497-0_2View Article Google Scholar

Samal, R., Dash, M. 2023 Ecotourism, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods: Understanding the convergence and divergence. Int. J. Geoheritage Parks. 11(1): 1–20.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.11.001View Article Google Scholar

Samdin, Z. 2008 Willingness to Pay in Taman Negara: A Contingent Valuation Method. Int. Journal of Economics and Management 2(1):81–94

Shang, Y., Bi, C., Wei, X., Jiang, D., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., Rasoulinezhad, E. 2023 Eco-tourism, climate change, and environmental policies: empirical evidence from developing economies. Humanit Soc. Sci. Commun. 10(1): 275.
DOI: 10.1057/s41599-023-01777-wView Article Google Scholar

Shannon, G., Larson, C.L., Reed, S.E., Crooks, K.R., Angeloni, L.M. 2017 Ecological consequences of ecotourism for wildlife populations and communities. In: Blumstein, D.T., Geffroy, B., Samia, D.S.M., Bessa, E. eds.Ecotourism’s Promise and Peril: A Biological Evaluation 29–46pp. Springer.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58331-0_3View Article Google Scholar

Surendran, A., Sekar, C. 2010 An economic analysis of willingness to pay (WTP) for conserving the biodiversity. Int. J. Soc. Econ. 37(8): 637–648.
DOI: 10.1108/03068291011060661View Article Google Scholar

Tisdell, C. 2018 Ecotourism: Economics and management. Routledge.

Tolentino, P.J.S., Navidad, J.R.L., Delos Angeles, M., Fernandez, D.A.P. Villanueva, E.L.C., Obe?a, R.D.R., Buot, I.E. Jr. 2020. Review: Biodiversity of forests over limestone in Southeast Asia with emphasis on the Philippines. Biodiversitas 21(4): 1597–1613.
DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210441View Article Google Scholar

Tomatao, H.D., Villanueva, G.V., Sultan, G.G.D., Rosauro, C.D., Elmedulan A.M. Jr., Susada, J.S., Villantes, Y.L. 2023. Exploring Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Tourism Providers Contingent on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park, Philippines: Basis for Interventions. International Journal On Hospitality And Tourism Research 2(4): 164–178.

Turak, E., DeVantier, L. 2010 Coral Biodiversity, Marine Tourism and Conservation Priorities in El Nido, Palawan, Philippines Final Report to El Nido Foundation. pp 108.

von Gr?nigen, S. 2016 Recreation function and travel cost method. Paper presented at the econcept workshop on economic valuation of forest ecosystem services. Available online at: www.hesge.ch/heg/ sites/default/fles/actualite/documents/Workshop-economic-valuation-forest-ecosystem-services/ von_grunigen.pdf

Waldron, A., Miller, D.C., Redding, D., Mooers, A., Kuhn, T.S., Nibbelink, N., Roberts, J.T., Tobias, J.A., Gittleman, J.L. 2017 Reductions in global biodiversity loss predicted from conservation spending. Nature 551(7680): 364–367.
DOI: 10.1038/nature25017View Article Google Scholar

Weaver, D. 2018 Sustainable Tourism. Routledge.

Whitehead, J., Haab, T. 2023 Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences.

Wong, I., Huang, S. 2019 The impact of visiting experiences on the emotional reactions and loyalty intentions of tourists: The case of sunrise viewing at Angkor Wat. J. Travel Res. 58(1): 111–125.

WTTC (World Travel and Tourism Council) 2014 The Economic Impact of Travel and Tourism, WTTC, London, United Kingdom.

Yacob, M.R., Radam A., Shuib, A. 2009 A contingent valuation study of marine parks ecotourism: The case of pulau payar and pulau redang in Malaysia. J. Sustain. Dev. 2(2): 95–105
DOI: 10.5539/jsd.v2n2p95View Article Google Scholar

Zarghi, A., Hosseini, S.M. 2014 Effect of ecotourism on plant biodiversity in Chelmir zone of Tandoureh National Park, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. Biodiversitas 15(2): 224–228.
DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d150215View Article Google Scholar

Zhang, J-T., Dong, Y. 2010 Factors affecting species diversity of plant communities and the restoration process in the loess area of China. Ecol. Eng. 36(3): 345–350.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.04.001View Article Google Scholar